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How Body Scanners Work

Author: Jane Hercules

In my neck of the woods of Longhorns and Big Skies the signs of the changing times are increasingly evident.  The Dallas-Fort Worth airport has just installed ten body scanners to ensure security for travelers. They are expecting 4% more passengers that in this season last year and are promising a maximum of just a three minute wait to pass through security.

These scanners see through clothing and are looking for objects, not body features.  The agents who view the scanned images never see the travelers face to face.  Each works viewing the scans for thirty minute periods only. This serves to prevent eye fatigue.   The minimal radiation used to operate the scanners is no stronger than that of a cell phone.

Scanning machines cannot copy or save the scanned images.  All this security is the result of the reality of terrorism and of person's disgust at being subject to body checks by airport security agents.

Yes, the times are changing.  We applaud this innovation in airport security.  We are daily grateful for those men and women in uniform who are keeping us safe. 

Yet, we cannot expect government and the travel industry to protect us in everything.  Our family's security is our personal responsibility.  The devastating crime of identity theft is plaguing every area of our country.  Nobody is exempt. 

Since over one third of identity theft is the direct result of stolen mail, we have the option to prevent mail theft and to protect our personal information.  The solution to this security problem is a high performance steel locking mailbox which cannot be lock-picked or pried or bashed.  Investing in a mailbox that absolutely frees you from mail theft worries is a one-time investment.  Secure your assets. Prevent mail theft and mailbox vandalism.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/flights-articles/how-body-scanners-work-4043991.html

About the Author

Jane Hercules, MS Ed is an expert in the prevention of mail theft and mailbox vandalism. She is a teacher and long-time advocate for children. She believes that in today's world there are measures adults must take to secure the well-being and future of their families. Identity theft is increasing and there are ways to prevent it. steel locking mailboxes

What the heck is entire body scanning?

Author: Todd Rhodes

Precisely what is entire body scanning?

Intro to total body scanning

There are various scanners out there at this time, white light scanning scanners, X-ray Machines, security scanners and also a lot more. None of them have been more referred to recently compared to the total body scanners which will quickly be employed in most airport security.

The total-body scanner is a attention grabbing gadget which generates a graphic of your person's nude body throughtheir particular clothing to watch out for covered up items without them needing to actually take away their garments or make physical contact with anyone. A number of cities around the world are implementing them to firm up security at train stations and air terminals.

The engineering of whole body scanners

1 way the scanners may well work is simply by sending incredibly high frequency radio waves from the body to generate a picture which you can view items invisible under the garments.
High frequency radio waves do not recognize clothing and organic material and as a result they will not likely show up on the picture.

Positive aspects and cons of these scanners

There is a wide variety of rewards to complete body scanners.
1 of the main one's is the volume of time which it takes to scan which is a lot less than 20 seconds per individual. One other main benefit is the fact that the scanners are non-contact. Many people resist being searched by airport staff and consider it improper. Contact searches can also be open to misuse.

Given that the technology is indeed new there are several grey areas which include potential health effects. This type of scanner hasn't been around long enough to evaluate if there is any potential harmful results. Scanners including X-Rays and white light scanning are considerably more tried and tested and thus more universally recognized. But the nude pictures that are generated by these scanners evoke a sense of doubt in the general public.

It is also considered that these scanners have the ability to benefit many other industries as well. Courthouses, government building as well as other official buildings are also considering applying this technology.

Not many are convinced of the benefits of whole body scanners as those people who are willing to have identified approaches to conceal explosive equipment in all sorts of bodily crevices that could be overlooked by the full body scanners.
This leads you to consider what the development will probably be from nude full body scanners, will everyone need to go through obtrusive strip searches?

For extra materiallook at white light scanning








Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-articles/what-the-heck-is-entire-body-scanning-3657023.html

About the Author

Lane really enjoys home improvement, especially when he can do it himself.

the Truth About Full Body Scanners-Are Full Body Scanners Really Safe?

Author: Don Penven

The numbers of full body scanners

As of November, 2010, the estimated number of full body scanners in operation is about 350, and by the end of 2011 we can expect to see over 1000.

Peek-a-boo—we see you!

Because the scanners produce a very graphic image of the human body many are referring to them as "naked" body scanners. The images produced are specific including depiction of one's private parts—like breasts and genitalia. Add to this adult incontinence diapers and sanitary napkins.

The choices are limited

Of course the TSA allows a person to opt out of the body scan, but the alternative is just as outrageous—enhanced pat-downs.  Age has no bearing on this personal humiliation—children and the elderly are often subjected to groping and pawing by TSA agents. Numerous horror stories are beginning to surface that are causing massive public fury, and why not!

Air travellers in ever increasing numbers are expressing outrage for being subjected to full-body scanning. According to the U.S. Travel Association, hundreds of angry e-mails and phone calls are overwhelming their ability to respond. Many irate travelers are threatening to cut out traveling until these intrusive electronic devices are removed.

They tell us that the scanners are safe.

Both the scanner manufacturers and various government officials tell us that full-body scanning is perfectly safe. Hmmm—what else would you expect them to say?

It is interesting to note that no other country in the world has adopted this intrusive method of ensuring security, leaving Americans the only ones being asked to endure such humiliation.

As WeWontFly.com stated: "Backscatter X-ray (the technology used in these scanners) uses ionizing radiation, a known cumulative health hazard, to produce images of passengers' bodies. Children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with defective DNA repair mechanisms are considered to be especially susceptible to the type of DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation."

There are also fears that those who have had, or currently have, skin cancer are at high risk.

A shocking revelation

From a health standpoint—just what are the dangers from the radiation exposure of a full-body scanner? A highly respected physician has conducted his own research and has published his findings. The results of this research may shock you.

Dr. Joseph Mercola, a licensed physician and surgeon in Illinois points out that the typical airport scanner delivers .02 microsieverts of x-ray radiation. Compare this to an airline flight lasting several hours at high altitudes that exposes travelers to 20 microsieverts of radiation from the sun—that's 1000 times the full-body scanner dose!

Based upon these numbers…if you can accept the risk of air travel radiation, then the exposure from airport scanners should be of little concern.

Avoiding solar radiation while flying is a simple step—flying at night. Solar radiation is at its peak around 12:00 Noon. There is no problem after the sun sets.

So it appears that safety in full-body scans is not a valid issue. But the intrusiveness of this security measure simply will not go away.

While the debate rages on we must all take note of the fact that the purpose of the scan or the enhanced groping and touching is to prevent a terrorist from bringing down a jetliner. So for now we all will simply have to swallow our pride…and fly after dark.

Health concerns fill our thoughts every day. Nearly a year ago I signed up for a free health newsletter, which has given me a real insight into health issues affecting me and my family. And the author of the newsletter I mentioned has also written a comprehensive, best-selling book, "Total Health," which covers many of the health concerns we all have.

Get More Specific Information HERE

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/wellness-articles/the-truth-about-full-body-scanners-are-full-body-scanners-really-safe-3743144.html

About the Author

Don Penven/Brandywine is a commercial photographer and technical writer

The Hu Ha About The New Airport Body Scanners

Author: Anand Pajpani

The UK's largest and busiest airport, Heathrow, recently received its first set of body scanners that passengers may be subjected to when passing the security check point.

There has been a lot of hu ha about this in the media and privacy advocates suggesting this is just another way the system is invading our privacy?

Even Bollywood superstar Shah Rukh Khan recently had to go through this (as he explained on last Friday's Jonathan Ross show).  He described as a contraption in a closed room adjacent to the normal security detectors and they even have a 'print' function where the images taken can be taken as a hard copy.  Shah Rukh seemed to have been embarrassed when he realised two females had taken copies for themselves, which he then autographed!

On a serious note though, selection for these body scanners is currently random (in so far as it can be) which means the vast majority will not be subjected to this new machine.  If you do go through it, rest assured it does not live upto the hype.  It scans through your clothing but the image produced is not one of you naked, as if you had been photographed without your clothes on - it more resembles something of an x-ray though granted the image is not exactly of your bone structure.

So from a privacy standpoint, it doesn't seem worth worrying about (unless some airport muppet leaves his laptop in the back of a taxi containing electronic copies of these photographs - we'd like to laugh at this but we know in the back of our minds, it wouldn't surprise us much if it did happen) so what about the increased security?

Well clearly any further checks are going to make things secure.  By that token, adding an extra on guard security officer would result in increased security, but the real question is it effective for what the authorities claim it will do?  I'm not so sure.

Firstly, not everyone will walk through this.  Time and cost stops this happening.  Therefore its left to subjective (though there probably are some guidelines) selection.  The people going through it are still going to be the minority on the flight.  Secondly, it scans through clothing to locate anything suspicious - many security experts agree that some of the most recent attempts to hijack an aircraft used materials that would not be picked up by these scanners - and if they were picked up, they would most probably pass through anyway as they wouldn't be considered dangerous.

In any case, these are coming and are already in place in Heathrow Airport.  It will reach Gatwick, Luton and Stansted soon, as well as other local airports in and around not just the UK, but Europe and beyond too.

If you do find anything in a Heathrow taxi any time soon, resembling pornographic x-ray shots of seemingly random people, do remember that they are probably not of strange porn stars but probably of a couple on their way to a sunny, summer holiday!

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/travel-tips-articles/the-hu-ha-about-the-new-airport-body-scanners-1836222.html

About the Author

Trying my hand at writing!

Full Body Scanners in Airports – An Overview

Author: Katsoulis

The introduction of full-body scanners in a number of airports has generated a lot of stir. Some of these airports see a lot of traffic with numerous airlines operating flights to and from these airports. Thousands of travellers who book their cheap flights from these airports have to undergo the full body scanning process. These scans make for a virtual strip search kind of experience with the difference that you don't have shed your clothes. Instead, the scans generate nude images of the body, which can be seen by security officials.

Airports Using Full Body Scanners

Full body scanning in airports was first introduced by the Netherlands. Slowly many other countries adopted the practice. Travellers planning to book cheap holidays may be interested in having a look at some of the international airports where full body scanning has been implemented.

  • Amsterdam-Schipol Airport (AMS)
  • Gimhae/Busan International (PUS)
  • Gimpo/Seoul International (GMP)
  • Jeju International (CJU)
  • London-Heathrow (LHR)
  • Manchester Airport (MAN)
  • Moscow-Sheremetyevo International (SVO)
  • Paris-Charles de Gaulle (CDG)
  • Rome-Leonardo da Vinci/Fiumicino (FCO)
  • Toronto Pearson International (YYZ)
  • Tokyo-Narita International (NRT)
  • Vancouver International (YVR)

Pros and Cons of Full Body Scanners

The good part is that these machines save a lot of time. Imagine painstakingly booking cheap flight and missing on it just because airport security decides to put you through a real strip search when you had already arrived late at the airport after getting stuck on M25 motorway traffic jam. Such passengers may not be lucky to find any alternative cheap flights and may end up paying for last minute flights through their nose. However, a scanning machine will hardly take 15 seconds and you will not have to suffer the indignity of undressing for fulfilling some security requirement, leading to a missed flight. On the flip side, there are certain cons of full body scanners.

Child Scanning

If you have children under the age of 18 and are planning to take them on an overseas air travel, you should know that airport authorities who subject your minor kid to a full body scan could very well be violating child pornography laws of their countries.

Privacy

Body scanner protests mainly revolve around the issue of privacy. Besides creating nude images, scanning devices can also show embarrassing body parts such as artificial breasts and testicles, and medical equipment like catheters and colostomy bags.

Health Concerns

Certain authorities like International Atomic Energy Agency and Nuclear Energy Agency have claimed some individuals including children and pregnant women may be at risk from the ionizing radiation of these scanners. Doubts over the safety of these scanners have also been raised in reference to the lack of long term studies concerning the health risks of these scanners. However, the health issue is quite debatable with certain other radiation safety authorities stating that they are unaware of evidence pointing towards the harmfulness of these scanners.

Much as the cons associated with these full body scanners out number the pros, many travellers may still be willing to look at the positive side related to security at the airports and in the flights. It is still far from clear if those transient passengers who so far had booked cheap tickets on connecting flights via these airports would opt for alternative connecting airports.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/flights-articles/full-body-scanners-in-airports-an-overview-4413056.html

About the Author

Shawn Trelly is associated with Cheap Tickets as expert writer since Five years.It is one of the common technologies of full body scanner used for body imaging, a competing technology is backscatter X-ray.

Guide to choosing the right Document Scanner for your business application

Author: geoff shilton

ESSENTIAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN BUYING A DOCUMENT SCANNER

We recently received a call from a potential client who was new to the concept of document scanning. They had been conventionally filing paper documents in filing cabinets for years (like 90% of UK business do) but were running out of space to put people! Legally they had to retain records for up to 10 years so destroying them all was out of the question. They needed to purchase a document scanner and document management solution but were confused by the literally hundreds of scanners and solutions available. "Why didn't anyone produce a simple guide that helped the 'new to scanning' business community decide on the right scanner to suit any and every need" Good idea we thought and who better to compile it than the UK's fastest growing document management company. We hope you find it useful and any feedback, good, bad or indifferent is welcome, particularly if it's of the good variety and you would like to buy from us!

DOCUMENT SCANNER TYPES. (Need vs Speed vs Greed!)

Now we're not saying that some companies will try and sell you a higher specification scanner than you actually need but buyer beware here please. First and foremost you need to establish the amount of documents you are going to scan in any given day, week or month, allowing for seasonal highs and lows. Secondly think about the size of original you need to scan, A4, A3 etc.

LOW VOLUME
At the lower end of the volume capability spectrum and particularly for home use, there are some good scanners, Canon's excellent new P-150 for example, for just a few hundred pounds which are more than adequate for occasional scanning of bank statements, the odd photo, bills etc. No more shuffling piles of paper looking for the water rates from 3rd quarter 2008 but everything neatly filed and indexed on your home PC. These small scanners are also highly portable and ideal too for the business person on the move, great for scanning receipts and business cards etc.

MEDIUM VOLUME
As we move into scanners designed purely for the business user the biggest effect on price will be the scanner's volume ability. Most manufacturers will quote a recommended daily maximum volume and these vary from a few hundred scans to tens or even hundreds of thousands of scans. A good quality mid range scanner should easily handle 5000 scans daily, more than enough for most types of business. Expect scanning speeds of circa 50 scans per minute and to pay anywhere from £2500 to around £4000 here.

HIGH VOLUME
Those who are more heavily reliant on paper records and have higher throughputs i.e. accountants, lawyers, government bodies, large manufacturing companies etc, will certainly be better suited to higher volume scanners with capabilities in the region of 50,000 scans and upwards per day. Scanning speeds of around 100 scans per minute and typical prices range between £12,000 to £15,000

SCANNER PRODUCTIVITY- DOCUMENT FEEDER vs MANUALLY FED

For profit conscious businesses today the game is all about revenue vs cost. NOTHING wastes more time in any office environment than constant trips to the photocopier or filing cabinet. Accessing documents at your PC is therefore a major benefit, as is scanning them to your PC or server. It's important therefore to make sure that your scanner has the right productivity features. You definitely do not want to be buying a flatbed scanner without a document feeder knowing that you need to scan several thousand documents a month. Feeding that amount of documents manually, sheet by sheet is definitely not going to help the bottom line. There will be applications however where only a flatbed scanner will do, technical drawings or generally anything larger than A3 and the flatbed comes into its own. Most document feeders will handle somewhere between 50 and 100 sheets of paper.

RESOLUTIONS/IMAGE QUALITY

Nearly all scanners today will offer you 600dpi (dots per inch) resolution. To put this into perspective, most magazine photographs are 300 dpi so the quality of finished scan is extremely high. You may however only need to scan black and white text where 300 dpi is more than acceptable. The ability to offer both is built-in to most medium and high volume scanners.

SCAN BOTH SIDES AT THE SAME TIME

One of the most impressive features of a proper document scanner is the ability to scan both sides at the same time. In addition, most scanners will have a blank page removal setting as well and to make sure you do not scan two pages at the same time, Ultrasonic Double Feed detection will stop the scanning if it thinks a page has been missed. This allows really accurate scanning which is essential for compliance.

DO I NEED ADDITIONAL SOFTWARE. ARE SCANNERS DIFFICULT TO SET UP?

Generally no as every scanner will have some form of pre-loaded software package installed by the manufacturer and the great majority are USB interfaced, plug and play straight from the box.

There you have it. A basic guide to scanner choice. Not comprehensive by any means but enough to ensure you don't fall foul of buying totally the wrong scanner. Thanks for reading.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/computers-articles/guide-to-choosing-the-right-document-scanner-for-your-business-application-2344616.html

About the Author

geoff.shilton@click2scan.co.uk

www.click2scan.co.uk

www.scanner-store.co.uk

Click2Scan are the UK's fastest growing document management experts. Geoff Shilton is Marketing Manager for the Click2Scan group.

Body Slimming Shape Shifters from Marena

Author: Reena Ghosh

All those in pursuit of a slim and shapely body can now take heart from the fact that science has made it possible to achieve this without recourse to liposuction or body crunching alternatives. World leading post surgical compression garments manufacturer, Marena, has combined scientific construction, laboratory testing and clinical analysis to develop the most innovative body slimming shape shifters on the market today. Actual medical results prove that these shaping tops and bottoms are the most effective, comfortable and durable compression garments currently available. 

This technologically advanced collection is called Marena Everyday or just ME. All Marena Everyday products are engineered to reduce, lift and tighten without causing stiffness and discomfort. And they produce instant results. One sees and feels the difference the moment one slips an Everyday top or bottom on. When worn regularly for a specified minimum time span, Marena Everyday garments deliver significant long term benefits.

Marena Group supports their claims with medical tests and actual body scanner results. A TC 3D Body Scanner at the company’s manufacturing facility in Lawrenceville, Georgia, runs a scan of the entire body in under 6 seconds and then takes just a few minutes to generate a true-to-scale 3D model. These body scanning tests performed without and with Marena Everyday shape wear have successfully revealed that waist, thigh and hip sizes can be reduced by over an inch. This reduction enables one with an Everyday shape wear garment on to fit into apparel that is smaller by a full size. Other competing brands such as Spanx do not perform as well and help the wearer drop about half a size.

How did Marena achieve this significant advance? The breakthrough has come about as a result of a combination of innovative engineering, scientific tests and clinical analysis spanning some 15 years. Marena combines scientific fabric construction with superior apparel design to manufacture these high performance and super comfortable compression garments.

All Marena Everyday garments are made from ComfortWeave, a patent – pending F5 certified compression fabric, which incorporates all 5 key elements required to produce highly effective, durable and comfortable compression material. The properties in the fabric enable all Everyday garments to mold the wearer’s body without painful constricting. Thousands of satisfied customers have found that wearing Marena Everyday does not leave them feeling sore and generally uncomfortable.

ComfortWeave stands apart from other compression material on the market today because of certain distinct characteristics, which translate into significant benefits for users. Its unique three dimensional stretch capability ensures that an Everyday garment provides multi directional support, thereby producing powerful but comfortable compression. A specific blend of Invista’s Lycrasoft® spandex and Tactel® nylon make Comfort Weave the softest compression fabric available in the world today. Its scientific knit design, which causes these premium yarns to interlace in the weave makes this fabric tough enough to withstand extreme pressure and retain its shape even beyond 30 thorough washes and 60, 000 flexes. Other powernet fabrics do not last as long. ComfortWeave comes with inbuilt Coolmax® moisture absorption technology, which keeps the garment cool and dry. Anti microbial protection prevents the development of mold, bacteria, mildew and other microbes thus enabling the wearer to feel fresh and clean throughout the duration of wear.

The Everyday range offers customers a fairly wide choice of body sculpting tops and bottoms classified into a number of product lines such as Shape Wear and Sleep Wear for women only, Active Wear for women and men as well as Men’s Gear. Whilst these garments are engineered to offer optimal performance and comfort, they are also designed to look good. Some Everyday products such as leggings, camisoles and capris are so versatile and flattering that they can be worn almost anywhere.

These body hugging garments are comfortable enough to be worn for hours together. A high degree of elasticity ensures that whilst an Everyday garment offers optimum compression it also yields a little to prevent the wearer from feeling stiff. So you need not worry about feeling sore for hours. These garments provide great support as they move with you.

What’s more, they remain cool and dry even if you work out for hours and hours. This is possible because moisture absorption technology enables perspiration to pass from the skin to the outer surface of the garment and into the atmosphere. So no matter how long and how hard you work out, Marena Everyday will keep you fresh, dry and cool. And you needn’t worry about embarrassing body odor either because of ComfortWeave’s effective anti microbial protection.

If cellulite appearance is something you want to conceal, then Marena Everyday has the right solution for you. This F5 certified fabric is engineered to facilitate lymphatic drainage and improve blood circulation. Improved lymph flow smoothes skin tone and reduces the uneven dimpled appearance.

Current hot selling products from the Marena Everyday line are leggings, camisoles and sports bras. Whilst these offer high standards of compression, comfort and durability they are also sleek and stylish. You can combine them with your favorite outfits or wear them as a single layer. They flatter your form whilst providing excellent support. Other popular garments include capris and boatneck shirts. You might want to view their product offerings on their website, www.marenaeveryday.com

When you consider the major benefits of wearing an Everyday product, it is no wonder that these non therapeutic compression garments from the leading manufacturer of post surgical compression apparel have gained consistently in popularity since their launch last year. The performance of Everyday products proves Marena’s genuine commitment to customer satisfaction. The group continually analyses customer feedback with a view to improving their products. So, if you are looking for something that will camouflage your trouble spots by flattening, slimming and enhancing body areas, Marena Everyday might just have the perfect solution for you. And like thousands of happy customers who have experienced these unique benefits, you will likely find yourself going back for more Everyday shape wear options.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/clothing-articles/body-slimming-shape-shifters-from-marena-866646.html

About the Author

Reena Ghosh, March 2009 www.marenaeveryday.com

Tips to Breast Screening with MRI scanners

Author: Galuh Mahesa

About MRI Scanners

Using MRI to detection and assessment of breast cancer, agent of gadolinium contrast is used to highlight lesions and their extent. For minimize loss of visibility using subtraction and fat suppression techniques.

Screening MRI is not practical for general use, that because high cost and limited availability. Mammographic screening is cheaper than MRI screening, but the study said MRI might be the most cost efficient screening modality, especially for a high-risk probability of breast cancer.

Especially for breast coils the MRI breast imaging maybe the best choice, cause bilateral multichannel system. The MRI system can scan the whole body with magnet of 1.0 T or more. Here MRI Scanners feature, slice thickness of 2.5 mm or less and a plain resolution of 1.3 mm or less, and the latest high end is 1.5 T scanners can achieve a Voxel size of 2 mm or less.

Advantages MRI Scanners

MRI sensitivity for breast lesions is no doubt, but the specificity is not adequate. MRI-guided biopsies is often used or performed for histological examinations. This two different MRI guided intervention methods usually for used:

1. 10 – 5 mm of the lesion (using freehand technique which allows wire localization)

2. For better result using the stereotactic approach

Here several biopsy devices on the market: coaxial core needle system, stereotactic system, biopsy guidance device and vacuum assisted core biopsy gun. Above type of devices have greater versatility in radiology department. But if breast coils are not available, then standard whole body scanners can be used to breast MRI imaging.

Dedicated Machine

Now, a dedicated machine is available, the different is that machine can custom-designed for breast MRI, and the patient must be pleased. And the scanners will be focus on specialized task needed on particular group of patient.

The Reason why Expensive

This is the reason why an MRI scanner is more expensive: Standard 1.5 T multi-purpose MRI scanners cost between 1.1 - 1.9 million dollars. Dedicated breast MRI scanners costs 1.4 - 1.8 million dollars. All MRI scanners require investment in terms of physical space, running costs, maintenance and staffing. A dedicated breast scanner will require some more costs.

You might be interested to see:

For further information about breast cancer please check at Breast Cancer Category

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/cancer-articles/tips-to-breast-screening-with-mri-scanners-5495537.html

About the Author

You may copy / distribute / edit but keep this link below live:

Author        : Galuh Mahesa

Category    : Breast Cancer

Source       : TipsTimes.Com

Naked Body Scanners: If You Must Be Exposed

Author: dennisthomas
A lot of people are asking, "Are these naked body scanners at the airport safe?"

From a health standpoint, they're probably fine to go through. once or twice. You can always take the remedy called "homeopathic x-ray" before and after to help lessen the negative effects.

But, as I said, it's "probably" fine. In a hospital you have a fully trained technician running medical imaging devices. Can you trust a minimum wage security officer to be as competent?

I also said, "once or twice". If you are a frequent flyer taking several trips a month that's simply too much radiation - anybody knows that (except the government).

Now, if you do decide to go through the body scanners. here's how you can make the best of an insane situation: Demand a hard copy. That's right. If they are going to radiate you and your family . you at least deserve a copy of the photos.

Why would you want a copy?

Because a full body scan will reveal muscle imbalances in your body. These muscle imbalances are the cause of most back and neck pain.

A healthy body looks perfectly symmetrical when standing. But that's not the case for most people. Most people have hips out of place, uneven shoulders, tilted heads. We're a mess.

Fortunately, you don't have to expose yourself to x-rays to identify muscle imbalances. Put on a tight swimsuit and have someone take photos of your body from different angles.

Jesse Cannone's "Lose the Back Pain" program gives you exact instructions on how to assess your own muscle imbalances and exercises to correct them. You'll also be able to identify which daily habits, postures and actions are causing pain in your body - and start avoiding them.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/naked-body-scanners-if-you-must-be-exposed-4104932.html

About the Author
film izle

The Evolution of CT Scanner Detectors

Author: donnastewart6l@gmail.com

CT scanners are designed for imaging of the internal structures of the body. They provide detailed anatomical information by utilizing the principle that different types of tissue structures scanned are displayed in the image as different shades of grey. Intravenous or oral contrast media may be used to further enhance differentiation between tissues.

The basic components of a CT scanner are an x-ray tube and an arc banana of detectors or a flat panel, mounted on a gantry with a circular aperture. Along the patient long axis (Z) there are many rows of these arcs of detectors, giving rise to the term multi-slice CT.

Multi-detector CT is also a commonly used term. The extent of patient coverage by the detector rows currently ranges from 12mm to 160mm in length, depending on the CT scanner model.

CT scanner technology has advanced rapidly in recent years, moving to more efficient and stable detectors, more refined engineering and data acquisition systems and electronics, and faster computers.

These CT scanner developments have been largely directed towards faster scanning of further lengths of the patient, using finer slices. As a result, CT scanners have evolved from a slice-by-slice diagnostic imaging system into a truly volumetric imaging modality, where images can be reconstructed in any plane without loss of image quality. This has lead to the increased use of multi-planar and 3D display modes in diagnosis.

However, it is also important to recognize that the performance of CT scanners in practice depends on the trade-off between image quality and radiation dose. As a result, each system should also be assessed in terms of clinical performance, with close observation of the radiation dosage utilized.

Generally, multi-slice scanners cover the patient volume between 20 and 40mm in length per rotation. The latest diagnostic multi-slice CT scanners can image patient volumes of up to 160mm per rotation.

The length of the detector array of the CT scanners determines the number of rotations needed to cover the total scan length, and consequently, the overall scan time. The ability to scan a given length with fewer rotations also helps to minimize head load on the x-ray tube, thereby allowing the scanning of longer lengths.

Detector arrays of the CT scanners are broadly divided into two types: fixed and variable. Fixed arrays have detectors of equal z-axis dimension over the full extent of the array, while with variable arrays; the central portion comprises finer detectors. With variable arrays, the total scan time for a given length for the finest slice acquisition is longer, because the z-axis coverage is reduced.

All CT scanners with greater than 64-slice acquisition have fixed array.

Complete coverage of an organ offers advantages for both dynamic perfusion and cardiac studies. The z-axis detector array lengths on the current 64-slice scanners, of up to 40 mm, are adequate to cover these organs in only a few rotations. A coverage length of 160mm usually allows complete organ coverage in a single rotation, so the function of the whole organ can be monitored over time.

The evolution of CT scanner designs reflect different strategies to accommodate future developments and allow for production costs. There is also some small dose saving where larger detector elements are used on the lower slice category scanners.

Spatial resolution is the ability of the CT scanners to image an object without blurring. It is often described as the sharpness of an image. It may be quoted as the smallest object size able to be distinguished, and as such, is evaluated using high-contrast test objects where signal-to-noise level is high and does not influence perception.

Modern CT scanners should be capable of achieving isotropic resolution: a z-axis resolution that is equal to or approaching the scan plane resolution, as this is essential for good-quality, multi-planar and 3D reconstructions.

It is helpful to remember that the cost of high-spatial resolution of CT scanners is either in the high image noise or in a high-patient radiation dose when the tube current is raised to reduce the image noise.

Contrast resolution of CT scanners is the ability to resolve an object from it surroundings, when the CT numbers are similar. It is sometimes referred to as low-contrast detectability. The ability to detect an object is dependent on its contrast, the level of image noise and its size. Contrast resolution is usually specified as the minimum size of object of a given contrast difference, that can be resolved for a specified set of scan.

The temporal resolution of CT scanners is defined as the time taken to acquire a segment of data for image reconstruction.

In CT scanners, temporal resolution is usually considered in the context of cardiac scanning. The goal in cardiac CT is to minimize image artifacts due to the motion of the heart. This can be achieved using ECG-gating techniques, and imaging the heart during the period of least movement in the cardiac cycle, resulting in temporal resolution requirements of very short periods, as compared with the heart cycle.

There is an optimum combination of pitch, gantry rotation time, and number of segments for each given heart rate.

CT scanner detectors capture the radiation beam from the patient and convert it into electrical signals, which are subsequently converted into binary coded information for onward transmission to a computer system for further processing.

CT scanners detectors must be capable of responding with extreme speed to a signal, without lag, must quickly discard the signal, and prepare for the next. They must also respond consistently and be small in size. CT scanners detectors should have high capture efficiency, high absorption efficiency and high conversion efficiency. These three parameters are called the detector dose efficiency.

The capture efficiency is how well the detectors receive photons from the patient. It is primarily controlled by detector size and the distance between detectors.

Absorption efficiency is how well the detectors convert incoming x-ray photons. It is primarily determined by the materials used, as well as the size and thickness of the detector.

Conversion efficiency is determined by how well the detector converts the absorbed photon information to a digital signal for the computer.

In recently manufactured CT scanners, the entire array of detectors consists of groupings of detectors, with each group known as a detector module, which is plugged into a motherboard unit of the detection system.

Flat-panel detectors have been developed for use in radiography and fluoroscopy, with the defined goal of replacing standard x-ray film, film-screen systems and image intensifiers by an advanced solid state sensor system. Flat-panel detector technology offers high dynamic range, dose-reduction, and fast digital conversion - yet keeping to a compact design. It appears logical to employ the same design for CT scanners, as well.

The use of flat-panel detectors for CT scanners provides a very efficient way of x-ray detection and acoustics. Flat-panel detectors provide high-spatial resolution. However, there are also some disadvantages: relatively lower dose efficiency, smaller fields or view and lower temporal resolution.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/mens-health-articles/the-evolution-of-ct-scanner-detectors-4757643.html

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